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martes, 14 de julio de 2020

María Montessori, revolucionando el modelo educativo del siglo XX



Bienvenidos a mi Blog, espero que la información sea de tu agrado y sirva para conocer a los grandes revolucionarios de la educación de todas la épocas, mi nombre es Naomi García, estudiante del tercer semestre de la carrera de Pedagogía de la Lengua y Literatura de la Universidad Central del Ecuador.😊😊

María Montesori, revolucionando el Modelo Educativo del Siglo XX


María Montessori nace en 1870 y muere en 1952, es una revolucionaria de la educación del siglo XX, su intención era ofrecer a los niños y niñas una educación "más respetuosa con sus intereses", más atenta a ellos, por lo que diseña un entorno de aprendizaje hecho al nivel de los niños. Es así que crea un ambiente único para los infantes, todo es adecuado a su tamaño, las mesas, sillas, estanterias, instalaciones sanitarias, entre otras, para garantizar una educación enfocada en los niños.

La pedagogía de Montessori aparece en la primera mitad del siglo XX, cuando la ciencia comenzaba a descubrir a la infancia como una etapa propia, idiosincrásica, diferente de la adultez. Empezaba a dejar de considerarse a niñas y niños como adultos en miniatura.

Su formación en medicina -es la primera mujer italiana en licenciarse en medicina, en 1896- le lleva a preocuparse por la investigación psiquiátrica para aplicarla a la infancia discapacitada, de ahí que, el 6 enero de 1907, cuando inaugura la primera «Casa dei Bambini» San Lorenzo, su propuesta está más centrada en la infancia discapacitada. Defiende con contundencia su confianza en que puede ser educada y, por tanto, advierte del error en que caen aquellas maestras y maestros que “les juzgan poco inteligentes e incapaces” (María Montessori, 1982, pág. 248).

Educación y paz: ¿quién fue María Montessori ...

Lo interesante de este método, es que no está pensado solo para niños y niñas de 3 a 6 años de edad o solo para aquellos que sufren de alguna discapacidad, puesto que su aplicación es para estudiantes de otros niveles y con distintas capacidades. Otro dato interesante de Montessori, es que ella reelaboró la clasificación de la discapacidad mental de la época en una obra titulada "Normas para una clasificación de los deficientes en relación con los métodos especiales de educación" con el fin de dar a conocer la importancia de la educación a la infancia con discapacidad, ya que ella consideró que tienen mayores posibilidades intelectuales a lo que las personas consideraban inútiles, tambien expone la importancia de aplicar una educación más sentimental, que estimule, frene y guie las decisiones de voluntad del ser humano.(Cit. por Fulvio De Giorgi. En María Montessori, 2016, pág. 16).

Es una pedagogía puerocéntrica o paidocéntrica, pues el niño y la niña se convierten en el centro de toda la toma de decisiones para la educación. Una mirada y concepción revolucionaria frente a la educación tradicional, más dedicada a convertirlo en persona adulta y productiva, pero sin reconocerle una identidad como niña o niño y mucho menos unas necesidades específicas y una personalidad propia como niña o niño. Es un giro total, pero con el riesgo de olvidar que son personas que viven en sociedad.

Su modelo educativo considera como fundamental el desarrollo de los sentidos y de la motricidad de niñas y niños, respetando su ritmo interno de desarrollo, el aprendizaje del cálculo y el desarrollo del lenguaje.

Sus recursos didácticos son muy rígidos, dirigistas y autodisciplinantes, con una única manera correcta de utilización, pero atractivos y motivadores, ya que son adecuados en sus dimensiones, su tamaño, al desarrollo físico y motriz de las niñas y niños y, además, son de colores y materiales atractivos. Nada que ver con los materiales de las escuelas tradicionales en ese momento histórico. 

Es un material educativo para trabajar de manera individual, que no exige necesariamente la colaboración de los demás niños y niñas. Cada estudiante tiene su propio espacio y materiales que los demás deben respetar, que no pueden utilizar salvo invitación expresa del propio niño o niña.

Su modelo de escuela recurre a una decoración estimulante al servicio de los aprendizajes; con aspecto agradable y colorido, luminosidad, variedad de materiales educativos estimulantes, frente a la pobreza de recursos de las escuelas públicas en aquel momento histórico.

En las aulas montessorianas todo está muy estructurado y organizado, pero generando la sensación en la infancia de que tiene verdadera libertad para elegir qué hacer, cuándo y cómo. En realidad, es una organización en la que el profesorado trata de prever, de adelantarse a tales elecciones.

Para no romper el ambiente alentador que debe envolver la vida infantil, María Montessori  procura implicar a las familias en la educación de sus hijas e hijos, tratando de convencerlas de las bondades de la mayor coordinación posible con el profesorado. Una propuesta innovadora en aquellos tiempos y algo que considero realmente que merece la pena ser salvaguardado.

LOS CUATRO PERIDODOS QUE DETERMINA MONTESSORI

Mente absorvente del niño (de 0 a 6 años)

Mente incosciente (de 0 a 3 años): Durante esta edad la mente está en constante adquisición de aprendizajes que proporciona el entorno más cercano del niño, un caso de esto es la adquisición del lenguaje.

Mnte consciente (de 3 a 6 años): La mente delinfante toma consciencia y lo hace a través del movimiento, se trabajan las habilidades de concentración, voluntad y memoria. Los niños necesitan de las manos o el tacto, para descubrir su entorno.

Habilidades de niños de 0 a 6 años

Perido de la niñez (de 6 a 12 años)

Los niños hacen uso de toda la información aprendida anteriormente, resuelve cuestiones y hace poreguntas del por qué de las cosas, para qué, cómo y cuándo. Se despierta el interés por aspectos más complejos y las relaciones sociales aumentan

Salud , Dinero y Amor: Crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, Escolar ...

Adolescencia (de 12 a 18 años)

Pubertad (de 12 a 15 años): Nuevo nacimiento, en el que ocurren cambios físicos y psicológicos del niño, empiezan los sentimientos de duda, de inseguridad, explosiones emocionales, entre otras.

Adolescencia (de 15 a 18 años): Consolidación y crecimiento de intereses, donde aparece la inquietud por la posición dentro del mundo adulto y hay myor compromiso con la responsabilidad social.

Madurez (de 18 a 24 años): El jovén se adentra a la vida adulta, mantiene una estabilidad social y emocional

NUMEROLOGÍA Si tienes de 9 a 18 años... - Escuela De Magia Para ...

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(1). Grudzinska, Joanna (2016). Révolution école 1918 – 1939: quand l’utopie faisait école. Documental dirigido por Joanna Grudzinska. Producido por Arte France, Les Films du Poisson, Francia. Dur. 85 min. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQcy8aAv1xY [A Revolução na escola 1918-1939 primeira parte]

https://www.elclubdeloslibrosperdidos.org/2018/06/los-4-planos-del-desarrollo-infantil.html




jueves, 11 de febrero de 2016

Carnival in Ecuador

 

 Carnival is greeted with enthusiasm and joy for the people of Ecuador, which exploit the occasion to take a break and celebrate with family and friends.

 Watering Place

 

Many people use this holiday to attend the various spas Ecuador, such as rivers, beaches, waterfalls, pools, lakes, etc.

 Many people who do not attend these spas decide to celebrate in the streets of their neighborhoods, some people throw water circulating in the place, while others choose to use foam carnival. It is very common to see people who are located on the terraces of their houses to throw water pumps.

 

  Others people are going for a much more aggressive side, and who choose to use kitchen products such as eggs, flour and even make use of annatto, others throw mud, vegetable inks and some play with pieces of charcoal.
Often this has been criticized and previously turned by many people consider to be disrespectful, but it is something that still remains standing, especially among the young.



Carnival parades

At the time of Carnival is very common the presence of parades showing the cultural biodiversity of ecuador, which are representations of the peoples of ecuador, through dances typical and traditional dances, wearing their costumes and using expressions. All this is accompanied by bands of people, which revive the party in the traditional way.  It is also very common representation of the cultures of other countries and their traditions.

 

Typical food during Carnival

 During the Carnival take advantage to enjoy the dishes typical offering the Ecuador, with its great diversity in the different parts of the country.

  Most of the people who come to the beaches or rivers of the coastal dreams of the Ecuador, take advantage to taste the delights offered by the sea, such as seafood, fish and all the typical dishes in the coasts of the country, all this accompanied by the beach Sun and sand.

 

The Albazo
 The Albazo is a genre very heard during this time, mainly by its mention of the feast and the characteristics of people who celebrate Carnival.
 

 

 

Barranquilla-Colombia, live the holiday in a very fun and colorful manner in which is represented to Carnival in a way much more enthusiastic and with the natural warmth of Colombians, is considered the second Carnival mas grande, after Brazil, since their festivities was attended by many people, both own and foreign.

 

  Carnival is a time of joy which takes a break to enjoy with family and friends, a fun and healthy way, no matter the place that is, will always have its festive warmth that invited people to enjoy the occasion.

 

miércoles, 30 de diciembre de 2015


New Year's in Ecuador

  Creating puppets and old age

Prospective dates at the end of year, many people gather to prepare famous puppets of old year, they most commonly were built with acerrin and used clothing unused, were also filled with paper or newspaper, adorned with various objects, primarily with masks made cardboard, these policies generally represented, famous figures, celebrities and people associated with family and friends.

 

Generally these phrases used to carry the blessed will (everything left for next year), or the name of the puppet who represented, and even with them ivan papers contained the bad things that have happened during the year so that the time to burn everything fence with.

  Currently puppets are built with a wooden structured base which is covered with newspaper, paper and cardboard, often have a variety of size, some of these are great monuments.
These have been coupled more science fiction characters, characters from movies also the year, celebrities, celebrities, places and finally something that is not doing, the representation of political leaders (President, mayors, ministers, etc).

            These puppets are displayed in homes, on the fronts of cars, in squares, streets, balconies and all places where they have built one of these.

 

Day of the Innocents


The Fools Day is a great festival that takes in several provinces of Ecuador, especially in Cuenca, where are performed and parades, referring to the day of the innocent.This festival has its beginning from December 28 until January 6 next year (Day of the Magi).This tradition in the Christian world refers to '' The Day of the Innocents '' day when the massacre is given to all children under two years living in Belen, order issued by King Herod, in order to get rid of Jesus, the child who had recently been born in the stable of Bethlehem (remembered at Christmas).In the beginning this celebration was strictly religious, with the passage of time, other elements were incorporated pagan character such as making and parades in which people dress up all sorts of characters, they celebrated with jokes and jokes who they strive to tease and reveal the innocence of those who receive it without knowing it.

lunes, 28 de diciembre de 2015

Christmas in Ecuador




  In Ecuador Christmas is received with great joy, is a time when Ecuadorian families gather to celebrate the birth of Christ, everyone is waiting with great anxiety the arrival of this festevidad to share and celebrate with his.

 

 

 



  Christmas tree
 In Ecuador many people follow the custom of putting the Christmas tree on December 8 because on this day the day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is celebrated, many people prefer to do in the month of November and some in early December, but if it is a tradition that is maintained for many years, according to legend, this tradition was in Germany during the eighth century, the missionary St. Boniface was preaching a sermon on Christmas Day and an oak tree was felled to show that it was not sacred, (as this was used to worship the birth of Frey, god of the sun and fertility). When the tree destroyed all the bushes least a fir tree. San Bonifacio interpreted what happened as a miracle and decided to call the "tree of baby Jesus. ''
 There are many programs in which people gather to light the Christmas tree collectively, among family and friends. All this as a sign of unity among the people we most want to also kick off the most anticipated time of the year, the time in which the birth of Jesus is expected.


In Switzerland, the Christmas trees are not synthetic, they are cut from the mountains and are decorated with candles and chocolates Christmas Eve, while in ecguador they are adorned with light bulbs, lights, ornaments and garlands.
                      Crib in homes

The crib is a representation which is given on arrival to the world of Jesus, here representative figures are placed in the nativity scene.
 Are are found in every Ecuadorian home, in churches, community centers and representative in all parts of the country, an example of this is the location of Christmas pecebre on the bun.
This tradition is to arm the pecebre and December 25 (Christmas Eve) the child Jesus is placed in the middle of birth.

                                
                               

In Switzerland also it carried out the construction of the crib at the foot of the tree, these two complement each other to bring the family in its construction.

Christmas candy covers

 At Christmas, it is very common to receive a bag of candy by family, friends and groups in which as Christmas programs in schools, colleges, social organizations, businesses, churches, youth groups, etc. are made
It is also common delivering Christmas baskets, turkeys, gifts, bonuses to employees of large companies who receive it as a bonus for the relizado work throughout the year, this also occurs from family and friends.

  In Switzerland it is very common delivery of baskets of products to family and friends and also the giving biscuits to children.

The ninth.

The ninth is a religious practice that is done for nine days in the middle of the family or community of a group of people, which is gradually putting together the crib, union meditate every day a specific part of the Holy Scriptures which they pray, sing carols and calls for an intention, the ninth day, a day before Christmas is primarily focused on the birth of Jesus, here it is when a candle anticipating the arrival of christmas Eve turns. 

 Child pass

 Pass the Child, is a very old tradition, in which worship is offered to the birth of Christ, the Child Jesus.

Processions filled the figure of the child. Children dress up as angels and shepherds, accompanied by the town band, the carols playing. The procession culminates in a church where Mass is celebrated. Passes Child celebrated on December 24 each year. The pass of the Child held the first of January and pass the Child King, held on 5 January which are called "Minor passes" in which the participation of the population is younger. The Priostes people are socially and economically sponsoring religious festivals, its tasks are to organize invitations to perform Pass and cover economic costs. How to select these people is very varied, as some cases are individuals designated or are people applying to be.

                                     

Christmas carols

  The carols are musical compositions having something that invokes the Christmas spirit in the times of the birth of Christ.
In Ecuador there have trcendido carols throughout history, carols ideltidad part of this people. But this constumbre took hold in Spain and this country to its colonies in America. With the assembly of Bethlehem came the songs, these were passed from village to village, who were considered villas, and who interpreted the music is called carols, this is the origin of carols as interpreted in Ecuador.

 Masses and Eucharistic Celebrations for Christmas

During the holidays, several acts of Christmas celebration as masses, eg Midnight Mass is done on Christmas Eve are made, as well as the processions pass the child are made and many more that go with the joy of welcoming the baby Jesus .
All this occurs in the heat of the community who is chanting carols and songs about Christmas.


Another typical tradition in Switzerland is the Advent Calendar, which gives children earlier this month.
Some are made of handmade or manufactured; huge or small; multicolored in the form of boards or made with ribbons of hanging little bags ... but all with the same purpose: With it, the children go every day marking the time remaining to receive Christ in Christmas. And the most popular are hidden candy or small gift for each day, until the great moment of celebration.

Typical food at Christmas 

In Ecuador it is customary to eat baked turkey, stuffing is separate and is based on minced pork and chicken, sweet bread, wine, raisins, prunes, olives and wine; Russian salad, potatoes, apples, carrots, peas with mayonnaise and rice can be with cream and corn or with cream and parsley. It is also customary to eat roast pork. Easter dessert bread or Panetonne or also eat Christmas cakes. And it brings with champagne. In families of low social eating chicken or pork, sometimes with stuffing, potato salad and rice with cream and corn, like toast with champagne is so cheap, and beer never lacking.

 Switzerland has the usual custom of eating turkey on Christmas Eve or Christmas is not a "must" for the Swiss, who prefer taking of foreign or local customs, what they most want. The truth is that in these celebrations Swiss lean towards the traditional Swiss food, a distant exotic dish, or the best known in this country: the so-called Fondue Chinoise.This is a plate in which there is no requirement for older preparations or whole hours in the kitchen.Meat, usually beef (and sometimes combined with bits of horse meat) you can buy in supermarkets ready to put on the table, or it can be obtained in the carnage.They cut meat when the meat is frozen, very small and thin, leaving a slip of paper no larger than 5 cm.


Origin of Christmas

To try to contemplate a theory is interesting to consider the origin of the word Christmas in Old English is 'Cristes Maesse' Christ's Mass, which dates from 1038; and 'Cristes- messe' by 1131.Formerly Christmas was not on the major feasts of the Church, but now it is one of the most important and has to his credit many activities have been integrated over time, eg making cribs, build trees Christmas carol singing, 'Midnight Mass' Magi, 'Holy Innocents' and more.The first evidence of this festival comes from Egypt around the year 200 AD, studies show not only the year, but the tentative date of birth of Christ that apparently corresponds to May 20 the twenty-eighth year of the reign of August.Although there are different dates dispute the honor of the famous birth in the Christian world, the most important day of the Christmas party are mainly 24 and 25, allocated as commemorative dates of birth of Jesus.The date is eminently religious, although their bases in the gospel show contradictions and no confirmation of data, but very related to solar feast of Natalis Invicti on 25 December in the Roman Empire.